<item><hi format=bold>International disputes:</hi> territorial dispute with Tajikistan on southwestern boundary in Isfara Valley area
<item><hi format=bold>Climate:</hi> dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
<item><hi format=bold>Terrain:</hi> peaks of Tien Shan rise to 7,000 meters, and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation
<item><hi format=bold>Natural resources:</hi> small amounts of coal abundant hydroelectric potential; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc, natural gas, oil, nepheline, rare earth metals, mercury, bismuth, gold, lead, zinc, hydroelectric power
<item>• <hi format=ital>meadows and pastures:</hi> 42%
<item>• <hi format=ital>forest and woodland:</hi> 0%
<item>• <hi format=ital>other:</hi> 51%
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Irrigated land:</hi> 10,320 sq km (1990)
<item><hi format=bold>Environment:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>current issues:</hi> water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells and as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices
<item>• <hi format=ital>natural hazards:</hi> NA
<item>• <hi format=ital>international agreements:</hi> NA